Kinkaku-ji, or the "Golden Pavilion," is one of Kyoto’s most iconic landmarks and a symbol of Japan itself. Featured on countless travel guides, this stunning structure draws millions of visitors each year, all captivated by its golden reflection in the surrounding pond. But what lies behind its dazzling exterior? What is the history of this remarkable building? Let’s explore the secrets of Kinkaku-ji, a true gem of Japanese architecture.
What is Kinkaku-ji ?
Officially known as Rokuon-ji (鹿苑寺), or "Deer Garden Temple," Kinkaku-ji is a pavilion that forms part of the larger Shôkoku-ji temple complex.
It is most famous for its gold leaf exterior, which gleams in the sunlight and reflects beautifully in the pond below. The pavilion stands as a powerful symbol of the beauty and cultural richness of Japan’s heritage.
A Unique Blend of Architectural Styles
Kinkaku-ji’s architecture blends three distinct styles, each representing a different period of Japanese history:
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First Floor (Hô-sui-in): Designed in the shinden-zukuri style, inspired by the aristocratic palaces of the Heian Period (794–1185), it reflects the elegance and harmony of noble residences from that era.
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Second Floor (Chô-on-dô): Built in the buke-zukuri style, typical of samurai houses, this level symbolizes the austerity and simplicity associated with the warrior class during feudal times.
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Third Floor (Kukkyô-chô): The top floor is crafted in the karayô style, a Chinese-inspired architectural form often seen in Zen temples, highlighting the influence of Buddhism on Japanese culture.
At the very top of the pavilion sits a gilded fenghuang, or "Chinese phoenix," representing renewal and immortality.
The Gardens of Kinkaku-ji
While the Golden Pavilion itself is the star of the show, the surrounding garden is also worth your attention.
Designed according to traditional Japanese landscape principles, the garden is meant to resemble a miniature natural scene, with hills, ponds, islands, and carefully placed trees.
The large pond, Kyôko-chi, or the "Mirror Pond," plays a key role in highlighting the pavilion. The serene reflections of the golden building in the still water create an image of fleeting beauty, embodying the Japanese aesthetic of wabi-sabi—appreciating impermanence and imperfection.
The History of Kinkaku-ji
Kinkaku-ji’s history stretches back several centuries. Originally, the site housed the Kitayamadai villa, built in 1220 by the powerful Saionji clan. However, after the clan’s decline, the villa fell into disrepair.
In 1397, shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358–1408) purchased the site and transformed it into a lavish residence known as Kitayamaden.
Following Yoshimitsu’s death, he wished for the villa to become a Zen temple. His son, Ashikaga Yoshimochi (1386–1428), honored this request, converting it into Rokuon-ji. The site has changed little since.
Over the centuries, Kinkaku-ji has been ravaged by fire multiple times. One of the most significant incidents occurred in 1950, when the pavilion was burned down by a mentally ill young monk. The current structure is a faithful reconstruction completed in 1955, with an added improvement: the entire building, except for the ground floor, is now covered in gold leaf.
Tips for Visiting Kinkaku-ji
Kinkaku-ji is one of Kyoto’s most visited attractions, which can make it hard to fully enjoy the experience during peak hours. Here are some tips to make the most of your visit:
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Best Time to Visit: Arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds. As one of Kyoto’s most popular sites, Kinkaku-ji can get quite busy, especially by midday. Visiting early will give you a better chance to appreciate the pavilion’s beauty in peace.
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Path Layout: The tour of Kinkaku-ji follows a one-way route, and it's important to note that once you start, you must follow the flow of visitors. There’s no going back, so take your time and enjoy each view.
How to Get to Kinkaku-ji
Kinkaku-ji is located in northwestern Kyoto, a bit away from the city center. While there is no direct subway access, it's easy to reach by bus.
By Bus from Kyoto Station
The most convenient way to reach Kinkaku-ji from Kyoto Station is by taking Bus 205 from Platform B3. Be careful not to take the "Rapid 205" bus, which departs from the same platform but doesn’t stop at Kinkaku-ji.
The bus ride takes about 40 minutes.
The "Subway & Bus 1-Day Pass" Advantage
If you plan to do a lot of traveling by bus and subway around Kyoto, the "Subway & Bus 1-Day Pass" is a great option. This pass allows unlimited rides for a day on both systems.
You can purchase it at various locations, including the Bus Information Office near the central exit of Kyoto Station. The cost is 1,100 yen (~7 €).
